0`  @@@ @@@@*220P0 EN DB   ;Jiy- 9Z g2% N]@ Lm{ *g Lancaster1992o ! W /"()*#R+,-.&+,1-.,iu23'0%4T1Wq5CBU2Vsnqjl36X4tropkmh64YZvgL9<J;[\67_`=>?9:@B;CDE|H#<GFa=>KLMbPcdNOPSQRQ~fgUZV_[Y\WX]wxy^z`@{|}bacdfgeijlmnCulicoides boydi (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae): A potential vector of hemorrhagic diseh Lancaster1993i Lancaster1994 Lancaster1994j Lancaster1995k Lancaster1995b Lancaster1999l Lappin19959m Lappin1996n Lappin1997io Lappin1997ip Lappin1997iq Lappin1998ir Lawlor1989is Lawlor1992it Lawlor1993iu Lawlor1993iv Lawlor1994iw Lawlor1994ix Lawlor1995iy Lawlor1996iF Ledyardz Lee1999{ Leebins-Mach submitted| Levy1995r; Loik20000Longland1989} Luke1989r~ Luke19944 Luke19969 Luke1996* Lund1999a McAuliffe1995: McAuliffe1997McDonald1990wMcDonald19945McDonald19945McDonald1994McDonald19955McDonald19955McDonald19965McDonald19965McDonald1999wMcDonald2000wMcFadden19879McFadden19899McFadden1990wMcFadden1990 McFadden1990 McFadden1990 McFadden1991 ,McFadden1992eMcFadden1992wMcFadden1994McFadden19945McFadden1994McFadden1994 McFadden1994 McFadden19955McFadden19965McFadden19969McFadden1998 McGwire2000 Metzger1987G Miller19819Minckley1997Minckley1999Minckley2000 Minor2000/(Mojave Desert Quaternary Research Center1991 Moon19880 Morgan19890 Morgan19920 Mullens1992" Mundo-Ocampo1999w" Nadler1999o Nagy1988 Nagy1991 Nagy19941 Nagy19941 Nagy19944E Nagy19988 Nagy199993-New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute1989 Norris19539 Norris19699 Norris1969 Norris1996 Olinger1991 Olinger1994 Olinger1994 Paisley1991Peterson19901Peterson1991Peterson19921Peterson19941Peterson1995wPeterson1996Peterson1996EPeterson19989Peterson19999 Pierson1996 Pinto1997 Pitzer1999 Platner1997Podolsky1989ePodolsky1990e Pomeroy1986 Poths1994 Poths1994 Price1983 Price1983 Price1983 Price1984 Price1985 Price1989 Price1989 Price1989 Price1990 Price1992 Price1993 Price1993 Price1995 Price1997 Price1997 Price1999 Price2000 Prose1987 Ramey1995 Ramey1996 Rechel19959 Rechel19969Reichman1993 Rendell1994Reynolds19909Reynolds19909Reynolds1991oReynolds1991o Richman1996 Richman1997 Richman1999 Richman2000 Ritter19898 Ritter19909= Rotenberry1996QRoulston1999/(San Bernardino County Museum Association1990/(San Bernardino County Museum Association1991T Sanwald19989 Saul-Gershenz1999 Sawyer19950 Schoen1991 Schoen1992 Schoen1994Schwartz19869 Secor1989 Secor1989 Secor1990 Secor1991 Secor1991 Secor1992 Secor1992 Secor1992 Secor1992 Secor1994 Secor1994 Secor1994 Secor1994 Secor1995 Sena1994 Sherman1993 Sherman1993 Sinervo1999 Smith1991 Smith1995 Smith1995 Smith1997: Smith1997 Smith1997; Smith2000 Sosa-Burgos1995 Stein1979 Stein1992 Stein1994 Stein1999 Stouthamer1997Qf Tchakerian1991N Tchakerian1994 Thomas19999cqkUnited States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division19881*University of New Mexico. Dept. of Geology19899 Uyenoyama1996 Vasek1979 Vasek1983E Wallis19989 Wallis1999Walsberg1999w Warrick1979 Waser1985 Waser1997 Waser2000Wehausen19889Wehausen19889Wehausen19889 Wehausen1990eWehausen19909Wehausen1991ePWehausen1991e Wehausen1995w Wehausen1995 Wehausen1996Wehausen19969Wehausen1997 Wells1987+ Wells1989 Wells1989 Wells1989 Wells1990 Wells1990 Wells1990 Wells1990 Wells1991 Wells1991, Wells1992 Wells1992 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1995 Wells1995 Wells1996Wilshire1987wf Wintle19919 Wirth1992McFadden1990w,McFadden1992eMcFadden1992wMcFadden1994McFadden19945McFadden1994McFadden19955McFadden19965McFadden19969McFadden1998 McGwire2000 Metzger1987G Miller19819Minckley1997Minckley1999Minckley2000 Minor2000/(Mojave Desert Quaternary Research Center1991 Moon19880 Morgan19890 Morgan19920" Mundo-Ocampo1999w" Nadler1999o Nagy1988 Nagy1991 Nagy19941 Nagy19941 Nagy19944E Nagy19988 Nagy19999 Norris19539 Norris19699 Norris1969 Norris1996 Paisley1991Peterson19901Peterson1991Peterson19921Peterson19941Peterson1995wPeterson1996Peterson1996EPeterson19989Peterson19999 Pierson1996 Pinto1997 Pitzer1999 Platner1997Podolsky1989ePodolsky1990e Pomeroy1986 Price1983 Price1983 Price1983 Price1984 Price1985 Price1989 Price1989 Price1989 Price1990 Price1992 Price1993 Price1993 Price1995 Price1997 Price1997 Price1999 Price2000 Prose1987 Ramey1995 Ramey1996 Rechel19959 Rechel19969Reichman1993 Rendell1994Reynolds19909Reynolds19909Reynolds1991oReynolds1991o Richman1996 Richman1997 Richman1999 Richman2000 Ritter19898= Rotenberry1996QRoulston1999/(San Bernardino County Museum Association1990/(San Bernardino County Museum Association1991T Sanwald19989 Saul-Gershenz1999 Sawyer19950 Schoen1991 Schoen1992 Schoen1994Schwartz19869 Secor1989 Secor1989 Secor1990 Secor1991 Secor1991 Secor1992 Secor1992 Secor1992 Secor1992 Secor1994 Secor1994 Secor1994 Secor1994 Secor1995 Sena1994 Sherman1993 Sherman1993 Smith1997: Smith1997; Smith2000 Stein1992 Stein1994 Stouthamer1997Qf Tchakerian1991N Tchakerian1994cqkUnited States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division1988 Uyenoyama1996E Wallis19989 Wallis1999Walsberg1999w Waser1985 Waser1997 Waser2000 Wehausen1990eWehausen1991ePWehausen1991e Wehausen1995w Wehausen1995 Wehausen1996Wehausen1997+ Wells1989 Wells1989 Wells1990 Wells1991, Wells1992 Wells1992 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1994 Wells1995 Wells1996Wilshire1987wf Wintle19919  !"#$%&'(!@ h@ AuthorsJournalsKeywords    !!!!!!""""""""""#######$%%%&&&&&&''''''''''''(((((((((    "j@:Anderson, K. C. Wells, S. G. Graham, R. C. McFadden, L. D. 1994TMProcesses of vertical accretion in the stone-free zone below desert pavementsf:4Abstracts and Programs Geological Society of America267 A87("SGMDRC Earth Science Mojave desertAnderson, Kirk Christian 1999Processes of vesicular horizon development and desert pavement formation on basalt flows of the Cima Volcanic Field and alluvial fans of the Avawatz Mountains, Piedmont, Mojave Desert, California  Riversideu University of Californiaxvii, 191 leaves Ph. D.12334435JDUCR Science Q180.A495 1999 .A53 UCR SpCol Thesis Q180.A495 1999 .A53lfUniversity of California, Riverside. Dept. of Earth Sciences Dissertations. Geology California Mojave Desert Geology California Avawatz Mountains Eolian processes California Mojave Desert Geology, Stratigraphic Holocene Cima Volcanic Field (Calif.) Avawatz Mountains (Calif.) Dissertations, Academic UCR Geological Sciences SGMDRC Earth Science Mojave Desertby Kirk Christian Anderson. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 1999. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-166)nghttp://wwwlib.umi.com/pqdd2/search/do?query=au%28Anderson%2C%20Kirk%20Christian%29%20and%20da%281999%29e  Andre, J. M. Smith, F. A. 1997TNFloristic inventory of Twenty-nine Palms marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center .(U. S. Marine Corp, Department of Defense*#SGMDRC Mojave Desert Botany Biology Andre, J. M. Knight, T. A. 1999@9An overview of special status plants in the Mojave Desert{4-Proceeding of Mojave Desert Science Symposiuma RLUSGS Western Ecological Research Center, University of California, Riverside*#Mojave Desert SGMDRC Biology Botanyt Anonymous\ 1995 Desert bloom Sierra 61-65 March/Aprilr SGMDRC Other Barr, C.B. 1999The aquatic Dryopoidea of California: Survey of the Mojave National Preserve and adjoining lands, including records of other water beetle groups Berkeley University of California Ph. D.82SGMDRC Biology Entomology Dryopoidea Mojave Desert Berger, J. Wehausen, J. D. 1991\VConsequences of A Mammalian Predator-Prey Disequilibrium in the Great Basin Desert UsaConservation Biology5 2y244-248a3521560QB;Mammalia-Unspecified (General Biology--Conservation, Resource Management) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General; Methods) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) Nonhuman vertebrates Nonhuman mammals Community Structure Conservation Biology Great Basin National Park SGMDRC Biology Great Basin Mammals Zoologya Berkey, J. F.J 1988:4Survey of seeps and springs in the Granite Mountains  Santa Cruz University of California Senior"SGMDRC Biology Mojave DesertBleecker, Marybeth 1988An inventory, analysis and monitoring of grazing in the East Mojave Desert of California : a geographic information systems approach  Riverside, University of California v, 103 leaves Ph. D.5840993iJDUCR Science SF85.35.C2 B64 1988 UCR SpCol Thesis SF85.35.C2 B64 1988XRUniversity of California, Riverside. Dept. of Earth Sciences Dissertations. Range management California Mojave Desert Remote sensing Grazing California Mojave Desert Rangelands California Mojave Desert Mojave Desert (Calif.) Granite Mountain Reserve (Calif.) Dissertations, Academic UCR Earth Sciences SGMDRC Biology Grazing Mojave Desertrkby Marybeth Bleecker. Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Riverside, 1988. Bibliography: leaves 76-82. 0)Bleich, V. C. Wehausen, J. D. Holl, S. A.\ 1990f`Desert-dwelling mountain sheep: Conservation implications of a naturally fragmented distributionConservation Biology44383-390R3635559Bovidae (General Biology--Conservation, Resource Management) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Wildlife Management-Terrestrial) (Movement (1971- )) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Mammalia) (Animal Distribution (1971- )) Nonhuman vertebrates Nonhuman mammals Artiodactyls Ovis-Canadensis Corridor Habitat Telemetry SGMDRC Biology Mojave Desert ZoologyvpMountain sheep (Ovis canadensis) are closely associated with steep, mountainous, open terrain. Their habitat consequently occurs in a naturally fragmented pattern, often with substantial expanses of unsuitable habitat between suitable patches; the sheep have been noted to be slow colonizers of vacant suitable habitat. As a result, resource managers have focused on (1) conserving "traditional" mountainous habitats, and (2) forced colonization through reintroduction. Telemetry studies in desert habitats have recorded more intermountain movement by desert sheep than was previously thought to occur. Given the heretofore unrecognized vagility of mountain sheep, we argue that existing corridors of "nontraditional" habitat connecting mountain ranges to be given adequate conservation consideration. Additionally, small areas of mountainous habitat that are not permanently occupied but that may serve as "stepping stones" within such corridors must be recognized for their potential importance to relatively isolated populations of mountain sheep. We discuss the potential importance of such corridors to other large, vagile species.PIBleich, Vernon C. Wehausen, John D. Ramey, Rob Roy Ii Rechel, Jennifer L. 1995NGMetapopulation theory and mountain sheep: Implications for conservationJCLandscapes: Human ecology, landscape ecology, earth system science. 82University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-0800 AAAS Arctic Division452118511Bovidae (General Biology--Conservation, Resource Management) (Genetics and Cytogenetics--Animal) (Genetics and Cytogenetics-- Population Genetics (1972-)) (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Wildlife Management-Terrestrial) (Movement (1971- )) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Mammalia) animals artiodactyls chordates mammals nonhuman mammals nonhuman vertebrates vertebrates Behavior Extinction Gene Flow Land Management Meeting Abstract Migration Conservation Ecology (Environmental Sciences) Genetics Physiology Population Genetics (Population Studies) Systematics and Taxonomy Wildlife Management (Conservation) SGMDRC Biology Mojave Desert ZoologyBleich, Vernon C. ; Wehausen, John D.; Ramey, Rob Roy Ii; Rechel, Jennifer L. California Dep. Fish Game, 407 West Line St., Bishop, CA 935140)Bleich, V. C. Wehausen, J. D. Holl, S. A.\ 1995f`Desert-dwelling mountain sheep: Conservation implications of a naturally fragmented distribution1874138Bovidae (General Biology--Conservation, Resource Management) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Wildlife Management-Terrestrial) (Animal Distribution (1971- )) animals artiodactyls chordates mammals nonhuman mammals nonhuman vertebrates vertebrates Book Chapter Conservation Habitat Ecology (Environmental Sciences) Wildlife Management (Conservation) SGMDRC Biology Mojave Desert Zoology~xBleich, V. C. ; Wehausen, J. D.; Holl, S. A. Calif. Dep. Fish Game, 407 West Line Street, Bishop, CA 93514 Ehrenfeld, D. DCB$A@?>=^<;F:PJHamerlynck, Erik P. Smith, Stanley D. Jordan, Dean N. McAuliffe, Joseph R. 1997Effects of Mojave Desert bajada geomorphic history and drought on water relations and gas exchange of two contrasting desert shrubsj4-Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 784 SUPPLa 103-3570322gCompositae Zygophyllaceae (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology and Biometeorology) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant) (Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- )) (Biochemistry--Gases (1970- )) (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Water Relations) (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Photosynthesis) (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Respiration, Fermentation) angiosperms dicots plants spermatophytes vascular plants Bajada Geomorphic History Community Structure Drought Gas Exchange Mojave Desert Photosynthetic Gas Exchange Rainfall Seasonality Terrestrial Ecology Water Relations SGMDRC Biology Botany; CONFERENCE LITERATURE>8Hamerlynck, E. P. Huxman, T. E. Loik, M. E. Smith, S. D. 2000Effects of extreme high temperature, drought and elevated CO2 on photosynthesis of the Mojave Desert evergreen shrub, Larrea tridentatanv Plant Ecology 148 2r183-193i Plant Ecol46807920)Environment/Ecology Biology Botany SGMDRCRKAgriculture, Biology, & Environmental Science (AGRI) JUN Access restricted.Spjhttp://www.wkap.nl/art.pdf?issn=1385-0237&volume=148&page=183 http://www.wkap.nl/journalhome.htm/1385-0237Hazard, Lisa C. 1995YNasal salt gland secretion by Dipsosaurus dorsalis is increased by K+ and Cl- but not Na+t2American Zoologist355 94AU2186047rSauria (Biochemistry--Physiological Water Studies (1970- )) (Biochemistry--Biochemical Studies: Minerals) (Chordate Body Regions--Facial (1970- )) (Metabolism--Minerals) (Urinary System and External Secretions--Physiology and Biochemistry) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) animals chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Ion Secretion Meeting Abstract Regulation SGMDRC Biology ZoologyOCONFERENCE LITERATURE;&Hazard, L. C. Rotenberry, J. T. 1996LFHerptofauna and vegetation survey of Cornfield Spring and Piute SpringNHProceedings of the East Mojave Desert Symposium, Technical Report No. 10 Los Angeles, CaliforniaU Los Angeles County Museum 69-747-8 November 1996.0*Biology Zoology Reptiles Amphibians SGMDRC Hazard, L. C. 1999VRepeatability of ion secretion by salt glands of desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)AUAmerican Zoologist395U 136A5447967U|vSauria (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) (Evolution) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General; Methods) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) Reptiles Cation Ratio Genetic Basis Intra-Individual Repeatability Intra-Populational Variability Ion Secretion Natural Selection Secretory Ability Meeting Abstract Meeting Poster SGMDRC Biology ZoologyCONFERENCE LITERATURE; Heinz, J. 19836/Species replacement along elevational gradientsG  Riverside\ University of California M. A.SGMDRC Biology Henen, B. T. 1988TEnergy storage and reproductive output of female desert tortoises, Gopherus agassiziCAmerican Zoologist284s 128A54498791Chelonia (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) (Metabolism--Energy and Respiratory Metabolism) (Metabolism--Lipids) (Reproductive System--Physiology and Biochemistry) Nonhuman vertebrates Reptiles Abstract Lipid Energy Reserve SGMDRC Biology Zoology Desert TortoiseCONFERENCE LITERATURE Henen, B. T. 1990PEgg production and body condition of female desert tortoises Xerobates agassizii=American Zoologist304N 54A4107618NChelonia (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) (Reproductive System--Physiology and Biochemistry) Nonhuman vertebrates Reptiles Abstract Body Mass SGMDRC Biology Zoology Desert TortoiseCONFERENCE LITERATUREt Henen, B. T. 1990REgg production and body condition of female desert tortoises (Xerobates agassizzi)>Q:4Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium6/SGMDRC Biology Zoology Desert Tortoise Reptiles  Henen, B. T. 1992jcDesert tortoise diet and dietary deficiencies limiting tortoise egg production at Goffs, Californiad:4Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium6/Biology Zoology Reptiles Desert Tortoise SGMDRCDHenen, Brian Thomast 1994rSeasonal and annual energy and water budgets of female desert tortoises (Xerobates agassizii) at Goffs, CaliforniaI\  Los AngelesF University of Californiaxiii, 185 leaves Ph. D.9687778 UCLA Biomed W4C H386s 1994ZTBiology Zoology Dissertations, Academic UCLA Biology SGMDRC Desert Tortoise Reptiles|vby Brian Thomas Henen. Typescript (photocopy). Vita. Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 1994. Includes bibliographical references.hbhttp://wwwlib.umi.com/pqdd2/search/do?query=au%28Henen%2C%20Brian%20Thomas%29%20and%20da%281994%290 v PIBleich, Vernon C. Wehausen, John D. Ramey, Rob Roy Ii Rechel, Jennifer L. 1996NGMetapopulation theory and mountain sheep: Implications for conservationv0*Metapopulations and wildlife conservation. >7Suite 300, 1718 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, D.C.  Island Press353-3732924537Bovidae (General Biology--Conservation, Resource Management) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Wildlife Management-Terrestrial) (Animal Distribution (1971- )) animals artiodactyls chordates mammals nonhuman mammals nonhuman vertebrates vertebrates Distribution Metapopulation Theory Western United States Wildlife Management Biogeography (Population Studies) Conservation Wildlife Management (Conservation) SGMDRC Biology Mojave Desert Zoology:4Bleich, Vernon C. Bowyer, R. Terry Wehausen, John D. 1997D=Sexual segregation in mountain sheep: Resources or predation?Wildlife Monographsa0g 134) 1-503084822JCBovidae (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) animals artiodactyls chordates mammals nonhuman mammals nonhuman vertebrates vertebrates Behavior Female Male Mojave Desert Predation Sexual Segregation Biology Zoology SGMDRC\ ^ XWe studied mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) at Old Dad Mountain, in the Kelso Mountains, and in the Marl Mountains in the eastern Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California during 1981-90 to determine causes of sexual segregation. Forty-four mountain sheep were captured, fitted with radio collars, and located systematically from a fixed-wing aircraft to determine differences in habitats used by males and females. In addition, diet composition and for-age quality and availability along with information on diets and distribution of predators were obtained to test 4 hypotheses potentially explaining sexual segregation in ungulates. Mature males and females were segregated from December to July and were aggregated from August to November. Mature males obtained higher quality diets than did females (based on values for fecal crude protein) during 2 of the 3 years for which data were available. Indices of predator abundance were substantially lower on ranges used by females and juveniles than on those used by mature males. Females occurred closer to Permanent sources of water and in steeper, more rugged, and more open habitats than did mature males. Moreover, forage was more abundant in habitats used primarily by mature male sheep. Females with and without lambs did not differ in their distance from water during aggregation or segregation, and females did not visit water more often during the period of peak lactation when compared with other times of the year. Female groups with lambs, however, occurred on steeper slopes and in more rugged and open habitats during segregation, when lambs were very young. Based on our results, we refute the hypotheses (1) that females outcompete males for available resources, and allometric differences between the sexes lead to sexual segregation; (2) that the constraints of lactation may be important in explaining sex" segregation in this desert-adapted ungulate; and (3) that males segregate to avoid competition with their mates, potential mates, and offspring, at least in desert ecosystems. In contrast, our findings strongly support the hypothesis that, because of their smaller body size and potentially greater vulnerability to predation, and the need to minimize risk to their offspring, female ungulates and their young use habitats with fewer predators and greater opportunities to evade predation than do mature males, but that males are able to, and do, exploit nutritionally superior areas. We conclude that sexual segregation likely results from differing reproductive strategies of males and females among sexually dimorphic ungulates. Males may enhance their fitness by exploiting habitats with superior forage and thereby enhance body condition and horn growth while simultaneously incurring greater risks than do females. In contrast, females appear to enhance their fitness by minimizing risks to their offspring, albeit at the expense of nutrient quality Further, we suggest that how food and risk of predation are arrayed in the environment may affect whether males or females inhabit better quality ranges, as well as which sex moves to produce spatial separation.Bouskila, Amos 1995d^Interactions between predation risk and competition: A field study of kangaroo rats and snakesEcology (Washington D C)761\165-178l1493792R Serpentes Strigiformes Heteromyidae (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (External Effects--Light and Darkness) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) animals birds chordates mammals nonhuman mammals nonhuman vertebrates reptiles rodents vertebrates Field Manipulation Foraging Behavior Interference Competition Microhabitat Use Mojave Desert Moonlight Effect Prey Population Size Seed Tray Experiment Snake Predation SGMDRC Biology Reptiles Mammals Zoologyo{The effects of predation risk from snakes on microhabitat use of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys deserti and D. merriami) was studied in the Mojave Desert. I concentrated on the effects of the predator on the foraging behavior of the rodents and eliminated effects of prey capture on prey population size. Foraging stations contained three seed trays, one in each of three microhabitats (Open, Bush, Grass). The amount of seed left in each tray after one night of foraging was used to assess the responses to predation risk and other foraging costs; additional data were collected during direct observations and by trapping. To investigate the effect of snakes on foraging and microhabitat use of kangaroo rats I manipulated snake presence at the stations. I studied the interactions between predation risk from snakes and moonlight by conducting experiments near full and new moon nights. Both species of kangaroo rats preferred to forage in the Open and avoided the Bush. This preference is opposite to the preference of the main rodent-eating snake at the study site, the sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes), which prefers the Bush over the Open. At stations with snakes, D. deserti reduced its foraging and avoided the Bush more than in control plots. However, D. merriami foraged more at stations with snakes. D. merriami thus foraged at the trays that were avoided by D. deserti and it reduced the risk of interference from the dominant D. deserti. In contrast to studies by other investigators, moonlight (which is associated with increased risk from owls) did not reduce the foraging or affect the microhabitat use of kangaroo rats in summer; moonlight effect was seen only in the fall, when snakes were not active. Unlike risk from owls, risk from snakes is high under bushes and during dark nights. The activity of rodents in summer is a combined reaction to the different predation risks posed by snakes and by owls.http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0012-9658%281995%2976%3A1%3C165%3AIBPRAC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T http://www.jstor.org/journals/00129658.html Brown, T. W. 1970ZAutecology of the sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) at Kelso Dunes, Mojave Desert, California/  Los Angelesy University of California Ph. D.81SGMDRC Zoology Biology Crotalus cerastes Reptiles. $6 f`Camp, Richard J. Knight, Richard L. Knight, Heather A. L. Sherman, Michael W. Kawashima, Jack Y. 1993HAFood habits of nesting common ravens in the eastern Mojave DesertSouthwestern Naturalist382163-165TChelonia Passeriformes (General Biology--Conservation, Resource Management) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Wildlife Management-Terrestrial) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) (Reproductive System--General; Methods) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Pisces) animals birds chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Diet Wildlife Management SGMDRC Biology raven Zoology Desert Tortoise,$Christensen, D. D. Dickey, J.. 1996jcThe pictographs of the the eastern Mojave desert of California and Nevada: an initial investigation4.Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly32 3 & 4N 1-81SGMDRC Cultured]Christopher, Mary M. Berry, Kristin H. Wallis, I. R. Nagy, K. A. Henen, B. T. Peterson, C. C. 1999Reference intervals and physiologic alterations in hematologic and biochemical values of free-ranging desert tortoises in the Mojave Desertn"Journal of Wildlife Diseases352t212-238j4766538oRKChelonia (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General; Methods) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) Reptiles Clinical Chemistry Disease-Related Mortality Habitat Loss Hematology Human Mortality Precipitation SGMDRC Biology Desert Tortoise Mojave Desert Zoology Reptiles : 4Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations have experienced precipitous declines resulting from the cumulative impact of habitat loss, and human and disease-related mortality. Evaluation of hematologic and biochemical responses of desert tortoises to physiologic and environmental factors can facilitate the assessment of stress and disease in tortoises and contribute to management decisions and population recovery. The goal of this study was to obtain and analyze clinical laboratory data from free-ranging desert tortoises at three sites in the Mojave Desert (California, USA) between October 1990 and October 1995, to establish reference intervals, and to develop guidelines for the interpretation of laboratory, data under a variety of environmental and physiologic conditions. Body weight, carapace length, and venous blood samples for a complete blood count and clinical chemistry profile were obtained from 98 clinically healthy adult desert tortoises of both sexes at the Desert Tortoise Research Natural area (western Mojave), Goffs (eastern Mojave) and Ivanpah Valley (northeastern Mojave). Samples were obtained four times per year, in winter (February/March), spring (May/June), summer (July/August), and fall (October). Years of near-, above- and below-average rainfall were represented in the 5 yr period. Minimum, maximum and median values, and central 95 percentiles were used as reference intervals and measures of central tendency for tortoises at each site and/or season. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance for significant (P < 0.01) variation on the basis of sex, site, season, and interactions between these variables. Significant sex differences were observed for packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, aspartate transaminase activity, and cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations. Marked seasonal variation was observed in most parameters in conjunction with reproductive cycle, hibernation, or seasonal rainfall. Year-to-year differences and long-term alterations primarily reflected winter rainfall amounts. Site differences were minimal, and largely reflected geographic differences in precipitation patterns, such that results from these studies can be applied to other tortoise populations in environments with known rainfall and forage availability patterns.Chu, M. 1999qEcology and breeding of phainopeplas (Phainopepla nitens) in desert and coastal woodlands of southern California.t&8 Berkeley University of California Ph. D..(SGMDRC Biology Zoology Birds Phainopepla"Chu, Miyoko Walsberg, Glenne 1999n)Phainopepla : Phainopepla nitens, No. 415\" Poole, A. Gill, F. The Birds of North America  Philadelphia "Birds of North America Inc..20122147704-UCSB Main Lib Sci-Eng QL681 .B625 1992 no.415t.(Phainopepla SGMDRC Biology Birds Zoology Miyoko Chu and Glenn Walsberg. The Birds of North America ; no. 415 Caption title. "French: Phnopple luisant ; Spanish: Capulinero negro." "Order Passeriformes ; family Ptilogonatidae." Includes bibliographical references (p. 18-19). Birds of North America ; no. 415. Cody, M. L.jcSpacing in Mojave Desert California Usa Plant Communities II. Plant Size and Distance Relationships@9Israel Journal of Botany Basic and Applied Plant Sciences352109-1207779494Plantae-Unspecified (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant) (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Growth, Differentiation) Neighbor Distance Near-Neighbor Incidence SGMDRC Biology Botany Cody, M. L. 1970(!Finch flocks in the Mojave Desert $Theoretical Population Biology1142-158TSGMDRC Biology House Finch Flocking Carpodacus mexicanus Birds Mojave Desert Zoology$8 Cody, M. L. 1978Distribution ecology of Haplopappus and Chrysothamnus in the Mojave Desert. I. Niche positions and niche shifts on north-facing granitic slopes#(5 American Journal of Botany65 1107-11163PHaplopappus Chrysothamnus Mojave Desert Plant Distribution SGMDRC Biology Botany Cody, M. L. 1981b\Habitat selection in birds: the roles of vegetation structure, competitors, and productivity Bioscience31107-113leHabitat Selection birds Competition vegetation structure breeding productivity SGMDRC Biology Zoology Cody, M. L. 1986ZTSpacing patterns in Mojave Desert [USA] plant communities: Nearest-neighbor analyses"Journal of Arid Environments113t199-2187976672iPlantae-Unspecified (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant) (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Reproduction) Woody Shrub Root System Compatibility Germination Site SGMDRC Biology BotanyThe identities, sizes and densities of woody shrubs > 10 cm high were recorded at four sites in the Mojave Desert of comparable elevation and topography, all located on flat, sandy granitic alluvium. For each commoner species, the identity, size and distance of c. 50 first and 50 second near-neighbors were recorded. Using the known densities of species in the quadrats, the observed neighbor frequencies were compared to those expected from random disposition of species. The comparison showed that some species are the 'preferred' neighbors of others, while yet other species are 'avoided' as neighbors. Some species 'prefer' conspecifics as neighbors, but the larger dominant shrubs almost invariably 'avoid' conspecifics and tend to a uniform spacing. Positive interactions (preferred neighbors) are 2-3 times commoner than negative interactions (involving avoided neighbors). It is hypothesized that the likely mechanism of these spacing patterns is differential compatibility of root systems, although specificity of germination sites may also play a role; this mechanism is hypothesized to be of importance in the maintenance of diversity in desert shrubs.JIHGbFE x\VHenen, Brian T. Peterson, Charles C. Wallis, Ian R. Berry, Kristin H. Nagy, Kenneth A. 1998`YEffects of climatic variation on field metabolism and water relations of desert tortoisesOecologia (Berlin) 117U3U365-3734520105iChelonia (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General; Methods) (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) (Metabolism--General Metabolism; Metabolic Pathways) Reptiles Behavioral Flexibility Climate Drinking Drought Energy Use Field Metabolic Rate [Fmr] Geographic Variation Physiological Ecology Physiological Flexibility Physiological Response Rainfall Rainwater Reproduction Resource Abundance Resource Availability Seasonal Patterns Succulent Vegetation: Food Survival Water Economy Index Water Flux Rate [Wir] Water Use Weather Pattern El Nino Effect [Enso] SGMDRC Biology Zoology Reptiles Desert Tortoise Mojave DesertjWe used the doubly labeled water method to measure the field metabolic rates (FMRs, in kJ kg-1 day-1) and water flux rates (WIRs, in m; H2O kg-1 day-1) of adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in three parts of the Mojave Desert in California over a 3.5-year period, in order to develop insights into the physiological responses of this threatened species to climate variation among sites and years. FMR, WIR, and the water economy index (WEI, in ml H2O kJ-1, an indicator of drinking of free water) differed extensively among seasons, among study sites, between sexes, and among years. In high-rainfall years, males had higher FMRs than females. Average daily rates of energy and water use by desert tortoises were extraordinarily variable: 28-fold differences in FMR and 237-fold differences in WIR were measured. Some of this variation was due to seasonal conditions, with rates being low during cold winter months and higher in the warm seasons. However, much of the variation was due to responses to year-to-year variation in rainfall. Annual spring peaks in FMR and WIR were higher in wet years than in drought years. Site differences in seasonal patterns were apparently due to geographic differences in rainfall patterns (more summer rain at eastern Mojave sites). In spring 1992, during an El Nino (ENSO) event, the WEI was greater than the maximal value obtainable from consuming succulent vegetation, indicating copious drinking of rainwater at that time. The physiological and behavioral flexibility of desert tortoises, evident in individuals living at all three study sites, appears central to their ability to survive droughts and benefit from periods of resource abundance. The strong effects of the El Nino (ENSO) weather pattern on tortoise physiology, reproduction, and survival elucidated in this and other studies suggest that local manifestations of global climate events could have a long-term influence on the tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert.Access restricted.http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00442/bibs/8117003/81170365.htm http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00442/papers/8117003/81170365.pdf http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00442/index.html Horne, B. V. Ledyard, P.&Survey of the Granite Mountains 60Bureau of Land Management and Dr. Kenneth Norris"Biology SGMDRC Mojave Desert RLHoward, Keith A. Carr, Michael D. Miller, David M. Geological Survey (U.S.), 1981Tectonic framework of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts, California and Arizona : abstracts from a conference held by the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, November 4-6, 1980 Menlo Park, Calif. 2,U.S. Dept. of the Interior Geological Survey 1 v.6727781UCI Main Lib Government Information Microfiche I 19.76:81-503 UCR Science M'fiche QE75 O64 no.81-503 CSL State Lib Govt Pubs I 19.76:81-503iD=Earth Science Geology, Structural Congresses Abstracts SGMDRCb edited by Keith A. Howard, Michael D. Carr, and David M. Miller. Open-file report ; 81-503. Microfiche. [Denver, Colo. : U.S. Geological Survey, 1981?]. 2 microfiches ; 11 x 15 cm. Includes bibliographies. Open-file report (Geological Survey (U.S.)) ; 81-503.f0)Howard, Keith A. Geological Survey (U.S.). 1987rkMineral resources of the Bristol Granite Mountains Wilderness Study Area, San Bernardino County, Californiarf`Mineral resources of wilderness study areas--central California desert conservation area ; ch. C  Denver, CO 2,Dept. of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey v, 18167851828UCI Main Lib Government Information U.S. I 19.3:1712-C UCR Science QE75 B841 no.1712-C UCSB Main Lib Sci-Eng QE75 .B8 no.1712-C CSL State Lib Govt Pubs I 19.3:1712-CMines and mineral resources California Bristol/Granite Mountains Wilderness Geology California Bristol/Granite Mountains Wilderness Bristol/Granite Mountains Wilderness (Calif.) SGMDRC Earth Scienceby Keith A. Howard ... [et al.]. U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1712. Shipping list no.: 87-541-P. Bibliography: p. 10-11. U.S. Geological Survey bulletin : 1712-C.C"Irschick, D. J. Jayne, B. C. 1997A comparative analysis of laboratory and field escape locomotion in two lizard species Callisaurus draconoides and Uma scopariaaWnsAmerican Zoologist375\ 175A3753446 $Sauria (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--Comparative (1970- )) (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Biophysics--General Biophysical Studies) (Movement (1971- )) Reptiles Bipedal Running Comparative Analysis Escape Sprinting Locomotor Performance Meeting Abstract SGMDRC BiologyOCONFERENCE LITERATURE;"Irschick, D. J. Jayne, B. C. 1998RLComparative three-dimensional kinematics of high-speed locomotion in lizardsAmerican Zoologist385 37A4554357Sauria (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) Reptiles Bipedal Strides High-Speed Locomotion Limb Posture Quadrupedal Strides Three-Dimensional Kinematics Meeting Abstract SGMDRC BiologyCONFERENCE LITERATURE;*)('&%$#"! @ .Cody, Martin L.r 1999r.Crissal thrasher : Toxostoma crissale, No. 419' Poole, A. Gill, F. The Birds of North America  Philadelphia "Birds of North America Inc.28122147844-UCSB Main Lib Sci-Eng QL681 .B625 1992 no.41914-Crissal thrasher SGMDRC Biology Birds Zoology0 Martin L. Cody. The Birds of North America ; no. 419 Caption title. "French: Moquer cul roux; Spanish: Cuitlacoche crisal, Cuitlacoche crisum rojizo." "Order Passiformes, family Mimidae." Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-28). Birds of North America ; no. 419." Cody, M. L. 2000HASlow-motion population dynamics in Mojave Desert perennial plants\$Journal of Vegetation Science\113\351-358C J Veg Sciu4619659O*$Plant Sciences Biology Botany SGMDRC>8Agriculture, Biology, & Environmental Science (AGRI) JUN Cohen, P. S. 1994`ZPassive solar research facilities at the University of California Granite Mountain Reserve81Proceedings of the 19th National Solar Conference\ San Jose, California $American Solar Energy Society173-176SGMDRC Solar Energy Cohen, P. S. 199481University of California Granite Mountain Reserve (!Meffe, Gary K. Carroll, C. Ronald("Principles of Conservation Biology Sunderland, MassachusettsL Sinauer Associates, Inc.267-268LSGMDRC Solar EnergyR Cohen, P. S. 1996\VPassive solar research facilities at the UC Granite Mountain Reserve (Poster Abstract)NHProceedings of the East Mojave Desert Symposium, Technical Report No. 10 82Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles County Museum121-122November 7-8, 1996SGMDRC Solar Energy02+Connell, S. G. Wells, S. G. Anderson, K. C. 1994Investigations of surficial processes active on fan pavement surfaces using tilted carbonate collars, Providence Mountains, California McGill, S. F. Ross, T. M.O~Geological Investigations of an active margin: Geological Society of America 27th Annual Cordilleran Section Metting GuidebookSGMDRC Earth Science*#Daly, H. V. Hoelmer, K. Gambino, P. 1991JDClinical geographic variation in feral honey bees in California, USA Apidologie226o591-609m2885012-{Hymenoptera (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Economic Entomology--Apiculture) (Invertebrata, General and Systematic Zoology--Insecta-Hymenoptera) (Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology--Insecta-Physiology) Invertebrates Arthropods Insects Body Size Adaptation Allens Rule Bergmanns Rule Ecotype Climate SGMDRC Biology EntomologyrFeral honey bees in California are mongrel populations, partially differentiated in morphometrics from managed colonies as well as from European subspecies. Most morphometric variables had low but significant correlations with environmental factors and clinal patterns of spatial autocorrelation with distance. Some measurements of body size exhibited Bergmann's Rule, but the hind legs did not exhibit Allen's Rule. The geographic variation is presumably adaptive and has developed within 138 years in the presence of a large, mobile beekeeping industry. Colonies of small worker bees in the warmer and drier regions of the state may represent an ecotype adapted to desert conditions.ELFDe Ley, I. T. De Ley, P. Baldwin, J. G. Mundo-Ocampo, M. Nadler, S. A. 1999b\Three new species of Nothacrobeles (Nemata: Cephalobidae) from the Mojave Desert, CaliforniaJournal of NematologyV314W482-4975370742Nematoda (Invertebrata, General andSystematic Zoology--Aschelminthes) (General Biology--Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Terminology) (Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative--Gross Anatomy) (Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology--Aschelminthes) (Animal Distribution (1971- )) Aschelminths Helminths Invertebrates Taxonomic Key SGMDRC BiologyhbThree new species of Nothacrobeles are described from localities in the Mojave Desert, southern California. Nothacrobeles triniglarus n. sp. is characterized by the presence of a long post-vulval sac and three tubular adoral projections. Both N. spatulatus n. sp. and N. nanocorpus n. sp. are smaller than any other known species within the genus. Nothacrobeles spatulatus n. sp. has labial probolae that are short and spatulate without a basal ridge, whereas those of N. nanocorpus n. sp. are flattened and plate-like. Furthermore, N. nanocorpus n. sp. is unique by its extremely short esophageal corpus (less than 25 mum long in adult females) and the small size of its guard processes. An emended diagnosis of the genus is given to accommodate distinctive characteristics of these new species. A table comparing the 11 valid species of Nothacrobeles is presented. ; TAXONOMY Decker, W. 1985XRThe desert bighorn sheep of the Granite Mountains of the Mojave Desert, California  Santa Cruz University of California SenoreB8SGMDRC Biology Zoology reptiles Amphibians Mojave desertEast, M. 1988@9Survey of bighorn sheep habitats in the Granite Mountainse  Santa Cruz University of California SeniorBEffects of locomotor speed on hind limb kinematics of a lizardAmerican Zoologist345 14A1446184mzSauria (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Biophysics--General Biophysical Studies) (Chordate Body Regions--Extremities (1970- )) (Movement (1971- )) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) animals chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Bipedal Locomotion Foot Posture Meeting Abstract Quadrupedalism Stride Frequency SGMDRC Biology Zoology ReptilesCONFERENCE LITERATURE; Fieler, C. L. Jayne, B. C. 1995:4Effects of slope on hind limb kinematics of a lizardAmerican Zoologist355 146A2186233Sauria (Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General--Photography) (Radiation--Radiation and Isotope Techniques) (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Biophysics--General Biophysical Techniques) (Chordate Body Regions--Extremities (1970- )) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--Exercise and Physical Therapy (1970- )) (Movement (1971- )) (Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue--General; Methods) (Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue--Anatomy) (Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue--Physiology and Biochemistry) animals chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Hip Knee Locomotion Meeting Abstract Metatarsals Videotape SGMDRC Biology Zoology ReptilesCONFERENCE LITERATURE;(!Fieler, Carrie L. Jayne, Bruce C.s 1998VOEffects of speed on the hindlimb kinematics of the lizard Dipsosaurus Edorsalis&Journal of Experimental Biologyi 2014j609-6223911524k>8Sauria (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--General) (Chordate Body Regions--Extremities (1970- )) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--Exercise and Physical Therapy (1970- )) (Movement (1971- )) Reptiles Hindlimb Kinematics Locomotion Plantigrade Foot Posture Sprawling Limb Posture SGMDRC Biology ZoologyLizards are the most diverse extant lineage of vertebrates believed to have retained the sprawling limb posture of ancestral tetrapods and, although the sprinting speeds of lizards are well documented, quantitative analyses of limb movements are lacking. We therefore examined a wide range of steady running speeds to quantify variation in the kinematics of a morphologically generalized hindlimb in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. From speeds of 50 to 350 cm s-1, stride length, step length and stride frequency all had significant curvilinear increases from 13.3 to 39.4 cm, from 8.9 to 12.8 cm and from 3.9 to 8.6 Hz, respectively, whereas duty factor (percentage of cycle when foot is on ground) decreased from 63 to 34% with increased speed. For five standardized speeds ranging from 50 to 250 cm s-1, analyses of variance detected highly significant (P < 0.001) effects of speed on 27 out of a total of 46 kinematic variables. The height of the hip at the time of footfall increased significantly with increased speed, whereas the amount of pelvic rotation in the horizontal plane (mean 36degree) per stride was unaffected by speed. The orientation of the long axis of the foot changed by nearly 50degree with increased speed such that the foot was nearly straight forward at 250 cm s-1, and at high speeds the heel often did not touch the ground. The effective length of the limb at footfall nearly doubled with increased speed as a combined result of increased plantar flexion and knee extension and a more erect femur. The pervasive effects of speed on hindlimb kinematics observed for this species do not conform simply with previous generalizations of lizards as having plantigrade foot posture and sprawling limbs.Access restricted.$http://www.biologists.com/JEB/Frazier, Tamaraa 1996Sexual size dimorphism, mating sysytems, and sexual selection for large males in the digger wasp, Microembex (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) Daviso University of California Ph. D. SGMDRC Biology Entomology 9^87H65x4@321 RFrazier, Tamara 1997A dynamic model of mating behavior in digger wasps: The energetics of male-male competition mimic size-dependent thermal constraints*#Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiologyi416j423-4343705709(Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Evolution) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )) (Metabolism--Energy and Respiratory Metabolism) (Reproductive System--General; Methods) (Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology--Insecta-Physiology) Activity Pattern Dynamic Model Energetics Male-Male Competition Mating Behavior Sexual Selection Size Dependence Territoriality Thermal Constraints SGMDRC Biology EntomologyXQI develop a state-based dynamic model of behavior to demonstrate that size-dependent differences in temperature tolerances are not necessary to account for the activity of small male digger wasps late in the day. In the model, males defend or patrol the nesting area, wait near nests, or feed away from the nesting area depending on time of day, energy reserves and size rank. I assume a large male competitive advantage, so mating opportunities decrease with size rank for territorial or patrolling males and are rare for all waiting males, the costs of patrolling or defense are higher than the costs of waiting. If energy reserves of all males are initially small, all males alternate feeding and territorial or patrolling behavior. If energy reserves are initially large, large males patrol or maintain territories until they risk starvation and leave the area to feed. At this time, smaller males that have conserved their resources by waiting and feeding may defend territories or patrol. I simulate the behavior of three populations representing two species of Microbembex by assuming large initial energy reserves for populations in which males were territorial and small initial reserves for populations in which males patrolled, and then convert the predicted time of activity to temperature using local regressions from field studies. Temporal patterns in the activity of large and small males were similar to those actually observed, and relationships between size and temperature predicted by the model corresponded to most observations and were sometimes positive. Thus, the delayed activity of smaller males does not correspond to activity at higher temperatures and is probably not attributable to size-dependent thermal tolerances, but may represent a temporal displacement of mating activity due to intrasexual competition and mediated by energetics. The model makes testable predictions on the timing of feeding and depletion of energy reserves in relation to size and initial energy state, and suggests how differences among species may influence the temporal and spatial organization of male mating behavior.Access restricted.http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00265/bibs/7041006/70410423.htm http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00265/papers/7041006/70410423.pdf http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00265/index.htmlFrick, Winifred 19996/A guide to the lizards of the Granite Mountains  Santa Cruz University of California Senior4-SGMDRC Biology Zoology Reptiles Mojave Desertj*#Gambino, P. Hoelmer, K. Daly, H. V. 199081Nest sites of feral honey bees in California, USAr Apidologie211; 35-46i3940669Angiospermae Fagaceae Hymenoptera (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Forestry and Forest Products) (Economic Entomology--Trees, Ornamentals and Wood Products) (Economic Entomology--Apiculture) (Invertebrata, Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Physiology and Pathology--Insecta-Physiology) Vascular plants Spermatophytes Angiosperms Dicots Invertebrates Arthropods Insects Oak Hardwoods Nidification SGMDRC Biology Botany Entomologyf_Nest site characteristics are described for 94 honey bee nests in trees, 17 in the ground, and 82 in man-made structures. Nests were in trees of mean diameter 85 cm primarily in live hardwoods, especially oaks. Entrances were mostly single knots or cracks in the main trunk at ground level and up to a mean height of 2.5 m. Most nests in the ground were in treeless areas; half had partially exposed combs, possibly aiding ventilation. Nests in buildings differed from those in trees by having smaller entrances. Compass orientation of comb in natural nest sites was commonly from 145.degree. - 195.degree..s Greene, Harry W. Luke, C.\ 1996&Reptile and amphibian diversity\NHProceedings of the East Mojave Desert Symposium, Technical Report No. 10 Los Angeles, California Los Angeles County MuseumW 53-58WNovember 7-8, 1996>8SGMDRC Biology Zoology Reptiles Amphibians Mojave DesertGriswold, T. L.s 1986Bm`l`kj@iZh,g$f(ed Lancaster, N. 1990,%Paleoclimatic evidence from sand seas6/Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology76 3-4279-2904010939le(Ecology; Environmental Biology--Bioclimatology and Biometeorology) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology) (External Effects--Physical and Mechanical Effects (1970- )) (Geological Periods--Pleistocene (1971- )) (Geological Periods--Recent (1971- ) ) Lacustrine Deposition Desert Wind Pattern Rainfall Quaternary Holocene SGMDRC Earth Science Sand DunesSand seas can be an important source of information on the Quaternary history of many deserts. Because sand seas appear to react sensitively to climatic changes, the quality of palaeoenvironmental information obtained from them is frequently much better than that from adjacent rocky desert areas. Patterns of dune alignments may be used to reconstruct the wind directions that formed currently inactive or fixed dunes and thus can provide information on palaeocirculation patterns. The climatic conditions under which these dunes formed can be examined using palaeoclimatic models to explore the combinations of wind velocity, rainfall and evaporation rates required to reactivate them. Choice of appropriate values for these parameters may be hampered by the problems of dating episodes of dune activity. In many sand seas, the best palaeoclimatic information comes from studies of interdune lacustrine or playa deposits, which may reflect increased local rainfall or higher groundwater discharge, or greater penetration of the sand sea by rivers with headwaters outside the desert. Caution should be taken in the interpretation of such deposits, for juxtaposition of aquatic and aeolian environments can occur even in modern hyperarid sand seas. The record of climatic changes preserved in the deposits of modern sand seas suggests that periods of dune formation may have been interrupted by long period of stability, which may also have included deposition of interdune lacustrine deposits. For example, within the past 40,000 years, active dune formation in many sand seas appears to have been restricted to the interval between about 20,000 and 12,000 yr B.P., and to the late Holocene (approximately 1/4 to 1/3rd of the time). Lancaster, N.d 1990LFDune morphology and chronology, Kelso Dunes, Mojave Desert, California:4Abstracts and Programs Geological Society of America227 A86&SGMDRC Sand dunes Earth ScienceONGLancaster, N. Wintle, A. G. Edwards, S. R. Duller, G. Tchakerian, V. P. 1991hbChronology of aeolian activity at Kelso Dunes: evidence from liminescence dating of dune sediments:4Abstracts and Programs Geological Society of America23 A355Earth Science SGMDRC*$Lancaster, N. Gaddis, L. Greeley, R. 1992TNNew airborne imaging radar observations of sand dunes: Kelso Dunes, California$Remote Sensing of Environment)393r233-2382507880jnhPlantae-Unspecified (Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General--Field Methods) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant) (Soil Science--General; Methods (1970- )) (Soil Science--Genesis, Morphology, Classification, Geology) Dune Topography Vegetation Effect Geology Remote Sensing Field Method Usa SGMDRC Earth Science Botany Sand Dunes Mojave Desert Kelso DunesHigh resolution multiple wavelength and polarization radar data of Kelso Dunes were acquired during the Mojave Field Experiment. They offer the opportunity to develop criteria for the selection of optimal wavelengths and polarizations for imaging of dune areas. The backscatter from unvegetated dune surfaces at all wavelengths (C-, L-, and P-band) with direct (HH, VV) polarization is largely controlled by dune topography and incidence angle. These data (especially P-band) provide the best images of dune topography. The best discrimination between active and inactive dunes is obtained by cross-polarized C-band data (CVH, CHV) as a result of multiple-scattering from vegetation and small-topography (e.g., shadow dunes). Lancaster, N. 1993<5Development of Kelso Dunes, Mojave Desert, CaliforniaiResearch & Exploration9e4444-459 Res Explor126591332+Multidisciplinary-AGRI Earth Science SGMDRC[F@Agriculture, Biology, & Environmental Science (AGRI) V25 N03 FAL Lancaster, N.i 1994jdControls on aeolian activity - some new perspectives from the Kelso Dunes, Mojave Desert, California"Journal of Arid Environments272s113-125sJ Arid Environ12205202("Environment/Ecology Biology SGMDRCF@Agriculture, Biology, & Environmental Science (AGRI) V25 N31 JUNLancaster, Nicholas  1995$Geomorphology of desert duneso,%Routledge physical environment series{ London ; New Yorkr  Routledge{xix, 290"0415060931 041506094X (pbk)10209409UCB Earth Sci GB632 .L36 1995 UCD Shields GB632.L36 1995 UCLA SEL/Geol GB 632 L36 1995 UCR Science GB632 .L36 1995 UCSB Main Lib Sci-Eng GB632 .L36 1995 UCSC Science GB632 .L36 1995 UCSD Scripps Floor 3 GB632 .L36 1995.'Sand dunes Deserts Earth Science SGMDRCVONicholas Lancaster. Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-279) and index.n Lancaster, N.t 1995 Kelso Dunes "Reynolds, R. E. Reynolds, J.0*Ancient Surfaces of the East Mojave Desert Redlands, California "San Bernardino County Museum 42(3) 47-52&SGMDRC Sand dunes Earth Science. Lappin, A. K. 19950)Trophic morphology of crotaphytid lizardsAmerican Zoologist355 134A2186191oSauria (Behavioral Biology--General and Comparative Behavior) (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative--Comparative Anatomy (1971- )) (Physiology, General and Miscellaneous--Comparative (1970- )) (Nutrition--General Dietary Studies) (Digestive System--General; Methods) (Muscle--Anatomy) (Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue--Anatomy) (Dental and Oral Biology--Anatomy) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) animals chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Diet Jaws Meeting Abstract Myology Osteology Prey Capture Behavior Stomach Contents SGMDRC BiologyrCONFERENCE LITERATURE; Lappin, A. K. 19962,Feeding ecomorphology of crotaphytid lizardsAmerican Zoologist365 19A2927397aSauria (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Biophysics--General Biophysical Studies) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) (Dental and Oral Biology--Physiology and Biochemistry) animals chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Bite Force Parameter Diet Feeding Behavior Feeding Ecomorphology Gape Angle Oral System Terrestrial Ecology SGMDRC Biology; CONFERENCE LITERATUREp Lappin, A. K. 1997ZSSexual dimorphism and resource use: The role of performance as a causal explanation\American Zoologist375t 199A37535339hbSauria (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Genetics and Cytogenetics--Sex Differences) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) (Dental and Oral Biology--Physiology and Biochemistry) Reptiles Bite Force Food Resource Intersexual Dietary Divergence Prey Availability Resource Use Sexual Dimorphism Meeting Abstract SGMDRC BiologyCONFERENCE LITERATURE;`~6}<|{z4yZxwvut@sHrqTpRoLappin, A. K. Dickie, R. 1997PJTails of crotaphytid lizards: Evolutionary morphology and biological rolesAmerican Zoologist375  29An3752916Z.'Sauria (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) (Evolution) (Chordate Body Regions--Extremities (1970- )) (Movement (1971- )) (Bones, Joints, Fasciae, Connective and Adipose Tissue--Anatomy) Reptiles Comparative Phylogeny Locomotion Predatory Behavior Meeting Abstract SGMDRC BiologyOCONFERENCE LITERATURE; Lappin, A. K. 1997pjFeeding ecomorphology of crotaphytid lizards: Using bite force performance to link morphology to behaviourJournal of MorphologyA 23223f 2843287222O Sauria (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Animal) (Anatomy and Histology, General and Comparative--Comparative Anatomy (1971- )) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) (Dental and Oral Biology--Anatomy) (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) animals chordates nonhuman vertebrates reptiles vertebrates Behavior Bite Force Performance Dental and Oral System Ecological Variation Feeding Ecomorphology Interspecific Trends Jaw Kinematic Analysis Morphology Skeletal System Skull SGMDRC Biology10*; CONFERENCE LITERATURE Access restricted.82http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0362-2525 Lappin, A. K.; 1998NHEcomorphological evolution of the feeding biology of crotaphytid lizardsAmerican Zoologist385 201A4558075BSauria (Chordata, General and Systematic Zoology--Reptilia) (Behavioral Biology--Animal Behavior) (Nutrition--General Studies, Nutritional Status and Methods) (Dental and Oral Biology--General; Methods) Reptiles Bite-Force Performance Dietary Ecology Ecomorphological Evolution Feeding Behavior Feeding Biology Musculo-Skeletal Structure Trophic Apparatus Meeting Abstract SGMDRC Biology1CONFERENCE LITERATURE; Lawlor, E. J. 1989HBTaphonomy of phytoliths in the Mojave Desert: a preliminary resultB;54th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeologyy Atlanta, Georgia & Society for American Archaeology.(SGMDRC Archaeology Biology Mojave Desert Lawlor, E. J.d 1992d]Effects of Mojave desert rodents and harvester ants on carbonized seeds: preliminary results.e2+23rd Graet Basin Anthropological Conference\  Boise, Idaho SGMDRC Biology Archaeology`YManuscript on file at the Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside Lawlor, E. J. 1993~The formation of phytolith (plant silica) deposits: cultural and environmental processes in California's Eastern Mojave DesertB;58th Annual Meeting of the Society for American ArchaeologyT St. Louis, Missouri April 14 -18.(SGMDRC Archaeology Culture Earth Science Lawlor, E. J. 1993|vAccounting for bias in assemblages recovered by floatation: results of experiments with Mojave Desert rodents and ants<516th Annual Conference of the Society of Ethnobiology Boston, Massachusetts March 11 - 14p Archaeology Culture SGMDRC\UManuscript on file at Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside  Lawlor, E. J.d 1994D>Archaeobotanical site-formation processes in the Mojave Desert Kelso, California f`Sweeney Granite Mountain Desert Research Center, University of California Natural Reserve System Archaeology Culture SGMDRC Final Report Lawlor, E. J.d 1994HBSite-formation processes affecting phytoliths in the Mojave DesertB;59th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology Anaheim, California Culture Archaeology SGMDRCLawlor, Elizabeth Jane 1995ZTArchaeological site-formation processes affecting plant remains in the Mojave Desert  Riverside University of Californiaxxiv, 603 leaves Ph. D.10329741D=UCR Rivera E99.P2 .L39 1995 UCR SpCol Thesis E99.P2 .L39 1995University of California, Riverside. Dept. of Anthropology Dissertations. Paiute Indians Ethnobotany California Mojave Desert Paiute Indians Social life and customs Chemehuevi Indians Ethnobotany California Mojave Desert Plant remains (Archaeology) California Mojave Desert Paleoethnobotany California Mojave Desert Indians of North America California Antiquities Prehistoric peoples Food Mojave Desert (Calif.) Antiquities. Dissertations, Academic UCR Anthropology SGMDRC Archaeology Culture Botanyeby Elizabeth Jane Lawlor. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 1995. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 387-441)lehttp://wwwlib.umi.com/pqdd2/search/do?query=au%28Lawlor%2C%20Elizabeth%20Jane%29%20and%20da%281995%29h Lawlor, E. J.d 1996f_Experimental investigations of cultural and environmental formation processes (Poster Abstract)u2+Proceedings of East Mojave Desert Symposiuml Los Angeles, CaliforniaR Los Angeles County MuseumRTechnical Report No. 10103-104November 7-8, 1996 Archaeology Culture SGMDRC,%Lee, D. Christensen, D. D. Dickey, J.C 1999PICultural resources of the Granite Mountains, California (Poster Abstract)r4.Proceedings of Mojave Desert Science Symposium 6/University of California, Riverside, California .'USGS Western Ecological Research CenterSGMDRC CultureLeebins-Mach, J. submittedrJHost specificity and tale of two yucca moth species in a Yucca hybrid zone9> EvolutionBiology SGMDRC  Levy, J. N.e 19952,Status of the Martin's swallowtail butterfly 4-California Department of Parks and Recreation Entomology Biology SGMDRC Luke, Claudial 1989ZColor as a phenotypically plastic character in the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburnianaI Berkeley University of California Ph. D.Z)SGMDRC Biology Reptiles Uta stansburnianafLuke, C. 19942+Evolution of color change in desert lizards Brown, P. R. Wright, J. W.0)Herpetology of the North American Deserts Van Nuys, California *#Southwestern Herpetologists' League"Special Publications, No. 5143-157&Sauria SGMDRC evolution Biologyg4-Luke, Claudia Andr, Jim Herring, Margaret J.i 1996ngProceedings of the East Mojave Desert Symposium, 7-8 November 1992, University of California, Riverside Los Angeles, Calif. 2,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Countyvi, 164v10610821UCB Earth Sci QH105.C2 E37 1992 UCLA Biomed QH 105 C2 E13p 1992 UCR Science QH1 .T43 no.10 1996 CAS Mailliard // Serials Q11 .L686 no.10Natural history California Mojave Desert Congresses Biological diversity California Mojave Desert Congresses Land use California Mojave Desert Congresses Mojave Desert (Calif.) Congresses. Mojave Desert (Calif.) Antiquities Congresses. Biology SGMDRCNGEast Mojave Desert Symposium (1992 : University of California, Riverside) edited by Claudia Luke, Jim Andr, and Margaret Herring. Technical reports / Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County no. 10 Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-163). Technical reports (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) ; no. 10.8& McAuliffe, J. R. McDonald, E. V. 1995tnA piedmont landscape in the eastern Mojave Desert: examples of linkages between biotic and physical components "Reynolds, R. E. Reynolds, J.0*Ancient Surfaces of the East Mojave Desert Redlands, California "San Bernardino County Museum 42(3) 53-64Biology SGMDRC $n:RMcDonald, E. V.n 1994The relative influence of climatic change, desert dust, and lithologic control on soil-geomorphic processes and hydrology of calcic soils formed on Quartenary alluvial fan deposits in the Mojave Desert, California  Riverside University of California Ph.D. Earth Science SGMDRC2,McDonald, E. V. McFadden, L. D. Wells, S. G. 1994Geomorphic response of alluvial fans and eolian deposits during the Pleistocene-Holocene climatic transition, Mojave Desert, California:4Abstracts and Programs Geological Society of America267 A447Earth Science SGMDRC2,McDonald, E. V. McFadden, L. D. Wells, S. G. 1995The relative influences of climate change, desert dust, and lithologic control on soil-geomorphic processes on alluvial fans, Mojave Desert, California: summary of results "Reynolds, R. E. Reynolds, J.0*Ancient Surfaces of the East Mojave Desert Redlands, California "San Bernardino County Museum 42(3) 35-42Earth Science SGMDRC2,McDonald, E. V. McFadden, L. D. Wells, S. G. 1996`YThe influence of dust, lithology, and microtopography on the formation of desert pavementi6/Proceedings of the East Mojave Desert Symposium Los Angeles, CaliforniaS Los Angeles County MuseumoTechnical Report No. 10- 85-8617-8 November 1996Earth Science SGMDRCHAMcDonald, E. V. Pierson, F. B. Flerchinger, G. N. McFadden, L. D.s 1996Application of a soil-water balance model to evaluate the influence of holocene climate change on calcic soils, Mojave Desert, California, USAGeoderma74 3-4a167-192Geoderma9776258B0)Agriculture/Agronomy Earth Science SGMDRCF?Agriculture, Biology, & Environmental Science (AGRI) V28 N8 DEC0*McFadden, L. D. Ritter, J. B. Wells, S. G. 1989Use of multiparameter relative-age methods for age estimation and correlation of alluvial fan surfaces on a desert piedmont, eastern Mojave Desert, CaliforniaQuaternary Researchi323E 276-90Quat. Res. (USA)5521039.tmGeochronology Geology Geomorphology Geophysical techniques Particle size Sediments Soil Fan surfaces correlation Holocene desert pavements Holocene deposits discrimination Water-laid sediments Atmospheric dust in flux Clast size SW United States Fan depositional character usa Desert varnish Multiparameter relative-age methods Age estimation Alluvial fan surfaces Desert piedmont Eastern Mojave Desert California Late Quaternary alluvial fan deposits Soda Mountains piedmont Lithologic composition Varnish cover Holocene surfaces Late Pleistocene surfaces Soil-profile development Pedogenic features Earth Science SGMDRCe>8Numerical and calibrated age determinations of the late Quaternary alluvial fan deposits of the Soda Mountains piedmont in the Mojave Desert provide an opportunity to study the utility of the multiparameter relative-age (RA) method for distinguishing and mapping geomorphic surfaces on a desert piedmont. Most RA parameters could not discriminate between deposits of Holocene age, although pavements have formed over locally significant parts of surfaces as young as middle Holocene. Several parameters, including lithologic composition, particle size, soil development, and varnish cover, permit distinguishing between Holocene surfaces and late Pleistocene surfaces. Statistically significant differences in initial particle size and lithology of the deposits create conditions unfavorable for use of most RA techniques. In contrast, soil-profile development and varnish cover data are successful in discrimination among deposits of Holocene and Pleistocene age. This is attributed to the development of pedogenic features and varnish that are strongly dependent on dust influx.Article04.McFadden, L. D. Crossey, L. J. McDonald, E. V. 1990vpPredicted response of calci soil development to periods of significantly wetter climate during the late Holocene:4Abstracts and Programs Geological Society of America22 A87Earth Science SGMDRC:3McFadden, L. D. Wells, S. G. Brown, W. J. Enzel, Y.5 1992Soil genesis on beach ridges of pluvial lake Mojave: Implications for Holocene Lacustrine and Eolian events in the Mojave Desert, southern CaliforniaY Catena191  77-97G2538331g (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Limnology) (Soil Science--Genesis, Morphology, Classification, Geology) (Geological Periods--Pleistocene (1971- )) (Geological Periods--Recent (1971- ) ) Radiocarbon Dating Water Infiltration California Usa Earth Science SGMDRCSilver Lake and Soda Lake playas, Mojave Desert, California [USA], are bounded by locally well preserved shoreline features that reflect the presence of pluvial Lake Mojave. A well preserved sequence of five beach ridges is present in the northernmost part of Silver Lake playa. Radiocarbon dating show that the topographically highest three beach ridges range from < 13,600 to approximately 9,000 years in age. Soils have formed primarily in a sandy eolian mantle that was deposited on top of the higher three beach ridges after the drying of Lake Mojave, between 6,000 and 9,000 yrs B.P. Minimal soil development had occurred in gravelly beach deposits prior to this time period. Weakly developed soils occur in gravelly sandy deposits of the two lower, undated beach ridges. Morphological, textural, and chemical analyses of the soils indicate that eolian processes have strongly influenced soil development on beach ridges. The accumulation of eolian sand on the gravelly beach ridge soils influences pedogeneis because of the lower permeability and shallower depth of water infiltration in sand compared to that of the highly permeable beach gravels. Soil formation has also intensified by the presence of playas that provided a source of silt, clay and salts. The degree of soil development in the lowest beach ridges indicates several lake stands in Silver Lake playa during the past 6,000 years. These may be as young as the latest Holocene, as supported by radiometrically dated lacustrine sediments from Silver Lake playa.2,McFadden, L. D. McDonald, E. V. Wells, S. G. 1994:4A model of vesicular crust formation in desert soils:4Abstracts and Programs Geological Society of America267a A87rEarth Science SGMDRC,&McFadden, S. C. Chan, C. Adolph, S. C. 1998bGene flow among populations of the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis in Southern California mountains*AAmerican Zoologist385e 197A4559781eSauria (Ecology; Environmental Biology--General; Methods) (Genetics and Cytogenetics--Animal) Reptiles Climate Gene Flow Thermal Environment Meeting Abstract SGMDRC BiologyCONFERENCE LITERATURE; ( 82McGwire, Kenneth Minor, Timothy Fenstermaker, Lynn 2000b[Hyperspectral mixture modeling for quantifying sparse vegetation cover in arid environments\$Remote Sensing of EnvironmentS723S360-3745588561S&Plantae-Unspecified (Ecology; Environmental Biology--Plant) (Methods, Materials and Apparatus, General--Field Methods) (Biophysics--Biocybernetics (1972- )) (Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics--Apparatus and Methods) Arid Environment Hyperspectral Mixture Model SGMDRC BiologyA linear mixture model based on calibrated, atmospherically corrected Probe-1 hyperspectral imagery was compared with three vegetation indices to test its relative ability t